Q:

Give natural deduction proofs with the following assumptions and conclusion:from assumption ∀x∀yR(x, y) to conclusion ∀y∀xR(x, y);please help! It's logical philosophy.

Accepted Solution

A:
Answer:See explanation belowStep-by-step explanation:R(x,y) means x and y are related according to previous established relation.  For example R(x,y) could be “x<y” if x, y are integer numbers, or R(x,y) could be “x and y are friends” if x and y are people. The set which x and y belongs to, need not be the same. ∀x∀y R(x, y) means: for every x in a set S and every y in a set T, x and y are related. The logical conector “and” is commutative, that is to say, the sentence “for every x in a set S and every y in a set T x and y are related” is the same as “for every y in a set T and every x in a set S x and y are related”. This last sentence is ∀y∀x R(x, y).  So, they are the same thing.