12% of children are nearsighted, but this condition often is not detected until they go to kindergarten. A school district tests all incoming kindergarteners' vision. In a class of 18 kindergarten students, what is the probability that 0 or 1 of them is nearsighted? Give your answer to 3 decimal places.

Answer:There is a 34.60% probability that 0 or 1 of them is nearsighted.Step-by-step explanation:For each children, there are only two possible outcomes. Either they are nearsighted, or they are not. This means that we can solve this problem using the binomial probability distribution.Binomial probability distributionThe binomial probability is the probability of exactly x successes on n repeated trials, and X can only have two outcomes.[tex]P(X = x) = C_{n,x}.p^{x}.(1-p)^{n-x}[/tex]In which [tex]C_{n,x}[/tex] is the number of different combinatios of x objects from a set of n elements, given by the following formula.[tex]C_{n,x} = \frac{n!}{x!(n-x)!}[/tex]And p is the probability of X happening.In this problem, we have that:12% of children are nearsighted. This means that [tex]p = 0.12[/tex].A school district tests all incoming kindergarteners' vision. In a class of 18 kindergarten students, what is the probability that 0 or 1 of them is nearsighted?There are 18 students, so [tex]n = 18[/tex]This probability is:[tex]P = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)[/tex]So[tex]P(X = x) = C_{n,x}.p^{x}.(1-p)^{n-x}[/tex][tex]P(X = 0) = C_{18,0}.(0.12)^{0}.(0.88)^{18} = 0.1002[/tex][tex]P(X = 1) = C_{18,1}.(0.12)^{1}.(0.88)^{17} = 0.2458[/tex]So[tex]P = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) = 0.1002 + 0.2458 = 0.3460[/tex]There is a 34.60% probability that 0 or 1 of them is nearsighted.